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Background: Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a protein that has been associated with skeletal muscle regeneration, but details regarding its role in Arthritis remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate LCN2 levels of Arthritis patients and its relationship with oxidative and antioxidative factors.Methods: The study includes (125) blood samples of persons aged 20–65 years were divided into a control group (apparently healthy) consisting of 55 samples [31female, 24 males] and a Patient group consisting of 70 samples [37female, 33 males] who were attending the bone diseases consultation unit at the Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq. Venous blood samples (10 ml) were collected after overnight fasting. To conduct Clinical analyses: Serum LCN2 level was determined by ELISA, also Malonaldehyde, glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, peroxy nitrite, peroxidase, and aryl esterase were estimated.Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in the levels of LCN2 in Arthritis compared to the control group and there was a significant decrease in the concentration of vitamin C, glutathione, vitamin E and the activity of the arylesterase in serum of patients with arthritis compared with the control group. Also, a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase, concentration of peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde for patients than a control group.Conclusion: These findings imply that LCN2 may play a substantial role in iron-related oxidative stress damage in arthritis. Thus a therapeutic candidate target for treatment.

Introduction: Olive (Olea uropeae) is a traditional plant containing oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are useful and used empirically for treating diabetes mellitus.Objective: To review the potential of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol as an evidence base for diabetes potential treatment and safety.Methods: This chapter summarizes several studies available on Pubmed and Google Scholar regarding the characteristic method and extraction method as well as the effectiveness and toxicity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in vitro and in vivo.Result: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are effective antihyperglycemics for treating T2D. They can reduce body weight, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance by stopping the liver from making glucose and stopping the body from absorbing glucose. Several studies have shown that both isolates can control glycemic levels equivalent to free fatty acids and are safe to use.Conclusion: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are extracted by several methods and can be used as potential anti-diabetics with obesity risk factors. Evidence shows that both isolates are safe for both acute and chronic use.

Juvenil, a nontoxic extract of bovine blood, is registered as a dietary supplement having no side effects. It contains a broad spectrum of free amino acids, as well as small proteins and oligopeptides (molecular weights up to 10 kDa), various nucleotides, and small amounts of phospholipids. The complex of these exclusively natural components has been shown to support physiological responses of supplemented organisms.Juvenil has been studied for several decades using a wide range of both experimental and clinical studies. Analyses have shown that it acts directly neither on individual functional systems of the body nor on individual metabolic processes. Current findings indicate that modulatory effects of Juvenil occur through modulation of gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the modulation of microbiota–gut–brain axis signaling. In murine model that modulatory effect is reflected in the expression of an early activation c-Fos marker in specific parts of the brain.In this review we present a set of findings about Juvenil, which has a wide range of positive effects on the functional systems of organisms. These effects can be used to strenghten the resistance, immunity, and regeneration of human beings. According to its effects Juvenil can be classified as a psychobiotics.

Purpose: To explore the knowledge of antibiotics use and resistance among medical and dental students.Methods: A 26-item online questionnaire on antimicrobial prescribing was distributed to Medical and Dental students at eight universities from the period of July to August 2020.Results: Five hundred three students completed the questionnaire; The mean age was 22.15 ± 1.99 and 66.4% were female students. The majority (91.5%) of the students were from governmental universities and (73.4%) were from medical colleges. It was found that 87% of students were not familiar with and unaware of the term antimicrobial stewardship. Overall knowledge about antibiotics identified that 30 (6%) students had good knowledge while 402 (80%) students have fair knowledge. Around 91% of the students agreed that the inappropriate use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance and that a strong understanding and knowledge of antibiotics is essential in their careers.Conclusions: To control the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, future prescribers’ education related to the appropriate use of antibiotics is important. Efforts must be undertaken to educate medical and dental students about the practices of the appropriate use of antibiotics and principles of antimicrobial stewardship.

Background: Renal transplant patients show a high incidence of anemia, which is often responsible for cardiovascular morbidity and graft rejection. Anemia reportedly impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, only a limited number of related studies have been conducted on renal transplant recipients. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of anemia and its effects on QoL of renal transplant patients in Saudi Arabia.Methods: Seventy-four patients were recruited in this study. They were asked to fill a self-reported EuroQoL instrument (EQ-5D-5L). We measured the hemoglobin levels (Hgb) of the patients to assess their anemia status. Anemia and severe anemia were defined as Hgb < 12 g/dL and Hgb < 10 g/dL, respectively.Results: Of the 74 recruited patients, 53 patients (71.6%) were anemic. Around 33.7% patients were reported to be completely healthy, with a 5-digit of 11111. With respect to EQ-5D-5L, the responses of anemic and non-anemic patients did not differ significantly. However, the response to anxiety-related questions for patients belonging to severe and mild-to-moderate anemia groups differed significantly. The final multivariate logistic model analysis revealed that the gender of patient was significantly associated with incidence of anemia postoperatively [OR: 6.72, 95% CI: 1.7 - 25.6, P-value = 0.000; (25 males, 47.2%) vs. (28 females, 52.9%)]. The use of intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin in the induction phase was significantly associated with incidence of late anemia [P-value = 0.012].Conclusions: Interestingly, our findings revealed a higher prevalence of anemia among the Saudi kidney patients compared to those of other nations. The incidence of anemia was shown to be significantly associated with renal function, female gender, and IV immunoglobulin use at the induction phase. Furthermore, multicentric prospective studies are warranted to elucidate other clinical factors that are associated with anemia and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Cancer disease has a complicated pathophysiology and is one of the major causes of death and morbidity. Classical cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. A typical treatment is chemotherapy, which delivers cytotoxic medications to patients to suppress the uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells. Conventional oral medication has a number of drawbacks, including a lack of selectivity, cytotoxicity, and multi-drug resistance, all of which offer significant obstacles to effective cancer treatment. Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major challenge for effective cancer chemotherapeutic interventions. The advent of nanotechnology approach has developed the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment. Cancer nanotechnology enables direct access to tumor cells, resulting in enhanced drug localization and cellular uptake. Since the early 1990’s, several solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) or SLN-based systems for the delivery of cytotoxic drugs have been manufactured and tested with success. High shear homogenization, microemulsion-based SLN, Supercritical fluid technology, spray drying, and solvent emulsification/evaporation methods can all be used to successfully formulate SLN.There is great potential to enhance cancer chemotherapy by incorporating it into a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) drug delivery system. Improving tumor diffusivity, improvement of body distribution, and inhibiting MDR are the main attributes. This type of review article discusses advantages and disadvantages of SLNs, their production techniques, and their potential usage in the treatment of various cancers.

The effect of chronic stress is one of the most important initiating factors in the development of the burnout syndrome. Students, who face a high level of stress and at the same time they are not able to use suitable strategies of coping those stressful situations, they tend to be at risk of developing burnout syndrome already during their studies. Authors of the paper focus on the issue of stress in connection of the development of burnout syndrome in students of pregradual study of social work. The aim of the survey was to determine used strategies of stress coping and the risk of development of burnout syndrome in students. According to number of respondents there is no intention of this study to generalize the results, but enabling a deeper insight into a given issue and transferring acquired knowledge into practice regarding teaching of social work students.The questionnaire SVF 78 was used to evaluate strategies of stress coping, burnout syndrome was assessed by a questionnaire Burnout Measure.The most frequently used strategies of stress management were perseveration. This strategy is included into negative strategies, as it directly worsens and prolongs the stress response of the organism to the experiencing stress. In the question of the relationship between stress management and burnout syndrome, a positive correlation was shown for all negative stress management (escape tendency, perseveration, resignation and self-blame). Positive correlation in those parameters means, that students, who use strategies for stress management, are at a higher risk of burnout syndrome. Among these strategies belong escape tendency, perseveration, resignation and self-blame. Negative correlation was found in positive strategies (diversion, substitute satisfaction, situation control and positive self-satisfaction). The total level of correlation for both questionnaires was 0,4 – 0,59.

Introduction: Thalassemia is a healthcare challenging disease all over the world. It imparts a great burden on patients’ families and healthcare institutions. Scientists focus on new aspects to overcome these challenges and increase patient tolerance of disease complications. This study aims to quantify β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase BHBDH activity in thalassemia patients compared to the control group and their correlation with the patient's demographic characteristics.Methods: To do so, serum was collected from patients and the control group and analyzed biochemically for targeted laboratory tests. We determined β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase from normal human serum using biochemical molecular techniques.Results: The results showed that BHBDH activity is significantly higher in the patients compared to the control group regardless of age, sex, or marital status. The results confirmed that enzyme activity and the purification folds were (0.0214 U/ml) and (51.7) respectively for the partially purified enzyme. Furthermore, the proportional molecular weight of the incompletely isolated β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase was (125.8±0.5 kDa) using gel filtration chromatography. The comparative molecular weight of the subunit of partially isolated β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase was (32.1±0.5 kDa) using SDS–PAGE.Conclusion: we demonstrate that BHBDH enzymatic activity is higher than control and this could be a prognostic or diagnostic tool in thalassemia patients.

Drug induced acute pancreatitis is worldwide a very rare cause of acute pancreatitis at all. In the literature and in the statistics it comprises only 0.1-2 % of all cases of acute pancreatitis. Nowadays, more than 200 potential dangerous drugs are specified, that they can cause acute pancreatitis. The exact mechanism of this adverse drug reaction is still unclear and to establish the diagnosis one has to exclude more common form of acute pancreatitis (caused especially by gallstones and alcohol) and find the time connection with recieving a new, risky medication.

Sufficiently long and quality sleep is essential for maintaining long-term health, the ability to learn new things and prevent of civilization diseases. Excessive stress and many work and study responsibilities can lead to the reduction of sleep needed. Within our investigation, we decided to chart the length of sleep at the students of the University of Defense and asses their sleep habits considering, besides their study duties, also the loading by military duties and this load may lead to inappropriate sleep habits. Three questions were asked for our research:1) To Find out how long the University of Defense students sleep on working and non-working days and whether this average length differs.2) If there are differences between the average women´s and men´s length of sleep at the University of Defense.3) Whether the students sleep as long as they say they need to. The following data were subsequently evaluated.

Origanum vulgare (O. Vulgare) is a medicinal and aromatic shrub. It is commonly used as a culinary spice and in "traditional medicine" to cure a variety of diseases. Almost all parts including roots, leaves, stems, and flowers, are employed in medical systems to treat a variety of ailments. In recent scientific literature, among other things, the plant was reported to behave clinical effectiveness against antibacterial, hyperglycemia, anthelminthic and antifungal actions. Carvacrol, limonene, thymol, ocimene, pinene, caryophyllene, terpenes-cymene, and other significant medicinal chemicals have been extracted from this genus through phytochemical studies. The phytochemical ingredients of O. vulgare are highlighted in this review and its traditional uses, as well as evidence-based studies on the plant's diverse pharmacological effects. This illustrates the importance of conducting a thorough investigation in order to report new information on the mechanisms of action of these impacts.

Nasal immunisation represents an innovative and perspective route of vaccine administration that provides many benefits compared to the more traditional approaches. Since most infections start on mucosal membranes, the mucosal immunisation provides a rational reason for its application. Mucosal delivery for vaccine administration (for example oral or nasal routes) could stimulate both systemic and mucosal immune responses. However, there are still some limitations that should be solved for a broader utilisation of this approach. There is still the necessity to use strongly immunogenic antigens or appropriate adjuvants for the induction of a strong immune response. The use of nanoparticles in the vaccine development could represent a promising approach for the mucosal vaccine research. Nanoparticles could thus serve as delivery vehicles providing to vaccines their unique properties, such as the antigen stabilisation and protection, serve as an adjuvant and elicit an antigen-specific immune response on the target sites.

Lower first permanent molars typically have five cusps and two roots. The occurrence of six cusps in the anatomical crown of the teeth is quite rare, especially among the European population, but this anatomical variant is typical for indigenous Australians (1). In this paper, we present a patient's case together with relevant digital documents. We also describe certain conservating, endodontic, surgical, and periodontic risks related to treating such teeth.

Essential oils can be used in a variety of ways to treat microorganisms that have evolved antibiotic resistance. The research assessed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil obtained from Citrus Limonum, Citrus reticulate, and Citrus sinensis fresh peels using the hydro-distillation method. Their chemical compositions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Citrus oils had antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and their activity was increased with increasing concentrations. Oils had a significant antimicrobial effect on tested bacteria except on P. aeruginosa only C. Limonum had significant (p≤0.05) inhibitory effects at both 100 and 200 mg/ml. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the inhibition zone of tested oils against A. baumannii and ciprofloxacin at 25 mg/ml, which was the same as against E. coli at 200 mg/ml. The oil inhibitory effect on K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus was less than that obtained from ciprofloxacin at concentrations used.  At 100 mg/mL, C. reticulate oil had a 23 mm inhibitory zone, while C. sinensis oil had a 23 mm inhibitory zone at 200 mg/mL, which was the same as the inhibitory area of ciprofloxacin against S. marcescens. Oils had convergent antifungal activity against Candida albicans that increased with increasing concentrations. The extracts competed favorably with voriconazole being used as a positive control. Citrus oils had convergent scavenging activities at the concentrations used. The studies confirmed the medicinal and industrial use of citrus essential oils as a therapeutic and antioxidant agent.

The elimination of most drugs based on liver/renal excretion; making liver and kidneys the commonest target organ for exposure to toxic materials. Long-term use of drugs surpassed the effect and aggravate the toxicity. Tuberculosis (TB) is chronic disease with long-term therapy and the deleterious impact of antitubelculosis is certain. Various pharmacokinetic manoveuors were proposed to avoid the potential harmful effect of TB therapy. The present study aimed at mitigating the destructive effects of TB therapy using propolis. To do so, rats were exposed to isoniazid or rifampicin or a combination of them in groups of 8 rats each for a period of 8-weeks these groups were matched with similar group with a propolis ad-on therapy. These results were compared to propolis-free negative control group and positive propolis-treated group. The histological and laboratory findings confirmed that isoniazid or rifampicin or a combination of them jeopardized hepatorenal function and induced deleterious damage. However, isoniazid has shown more intensive deleterious effect compared to rifampicin. Nonetheless, propolis restore the quasi-equilibrium status for kidney and liver via restoring its normal architecture and functionality. To sum up, the potential defect of anti-TB was restored via using propolis as add-on therapy, we do advise using propolis as an adjuvant TB therapy in critically–ill and clinical cases required long-term TB therapy.

The pаthоphysiolоgy of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has been linked to oxidative stress (OS), which is defined as an imbalance between the formation of oxidants and the antioxidant defense system. The goal of this study was to assess the state of OS in recurrent spontaneous abortion by assessing some of its indicators in order to identify women who are at risk of abortion and enhance their reproductive health. Peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), progesterone (P4), glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA), pеrоxynitritе (ONOO^-), and mаlоndialdеhyde (MDA) were measured in 40 healthy non-pregnant (HNP) women, 40 healthy pregnant (HP) women without abortion history, and 21 women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (Have at least ≥ 3 consecutive abortion). All subjects are of reproductive age, with the mother gestational age in the HP and RSA groups being ≤ 20 weeks. According to maternal gestational age, RSA and HP women were separated into two categories (1^st & 2^nd trimester). According to the findings of this study, Prx3 and GSH levels declined considerably in RSA patients compared to HP and HNP patients, but ONOO^- and MDA levels increased statistically significantly in RSA patients compared to HP and HNP groups. However, P4 of RSA was found to be significantly lower in the HP group and much higher in the HNP group. The difference in uric acid levels between the RSA and HP groups was statistically significant, but the difference between the RSA and HNP groups was not.Within the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, the difference between the RSA and HP groups showed statistically significant changes in oxidative stress-related biomarkers, with the exception of uric acid, which showed a non-significant difference between the two groups within the second trimester.Finally, the effect of gestational age within RSA was revealed, with serum Prx3 and P4 showing a significant difference between the first and second stages of pregnancy, whereas other oxidative stress indicators were unaffected by pregnancy length within the RSA group.

Professor Sisvan William Aram Gunn, a world-renowned authority on disaster medicine, a pioneer in the field of emergency medical systems and humanitarian medicine, a researcher, organiser and close associate of the represe-ntatives of Czechoslovak and Czech health care, died at the age of 96 in Switzerland, on November 1^st, 2022. We have thoroughly featured the Professor’s life and extensive work achievements on his ninetieth birthday (MMSL, 85,2016, (1), 44-46). This brief obituary will recount just a few of his legacy’s most prominent facets.

A significant effort has been made to innovative treatment approaches in majority of haematooncologic diseases including myelodysplastic syndromes. Adopting novel therapies brings new questions about enhancing their efficacy. Increasing evidence show a significant role of tumour microenvironment, which compounds of cytokines, chemokines, soluble adhesion molecules, specific T-lymphocyte populations and further populations of antigen presenting cells.In this article, we publish results of our pivotal trial analysing serum levels of cytokines, chemokines and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes treated with hypomethylating agent Azacytidine. We analyse factors associated with levels of measured analytes, overall survival and treatment failure. Incorporating both clinical and experimental data into analyses helps to achieve a deeper insight into biology of myelodysplastic syndromes and the crosstalk of tumour microenvironment and outcome of therapies in general.

The study was designed to evaluate the medical relevance of total homocysteine (tHcy), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) before and after chemotherapy for women with breast cancer (BRCA). Blood samples were taken from Oncology Unit in Merjian Teaching hospital in Hilla city (Iraq). Sixty patients suffering from breast cancer (BRCA) were enrolled in this study, and twenty-one apparently healthy subjects were considered as a control group control. We found that significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of BRCA patients who were not taken any medication was higher than in the control group (P<0.01) were (25±15) nmol/ml of MDA levels in BRCA patient and (14.5±7.9) nmol/ml of MDA levels in healthy controls. We found that treatment by chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase in MDA levels when compared with MDA levels in patients who were not taken any medication. The tHcy level in BRCA patients before and after treatment were changed. In addition, it is found that the mean serum TAC levels in BRCA patients were significantly less than in the control group. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the activity of chemotherapy and MDA levels in the patient and the same correlation between tHcy levels and TAC levels while a negative correlation was observed between TAC levels with MDA levels in the patient group.

Cancer cells have a special energy metabolism that enables them to multiply quickly. Under normal oxygen conditions, the Warburg effect is a distinguishing aspect of cancer metabolism in which anaerobic glycolysis is favored. Enhanced glycolysis also helps to produce nucleotides, amino acids, lipids, and folic acid, all of which are necessary for cancer cell division. In a variety of metabolic processes, including glycolysis, the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) mediates redox reactions. NAD levels that are higher promote glycolysis and supply energy to cancer cells. NAD metabolism, like energy metabolism, is linked in cancer genesis and could be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this research, NAD-consuming enzymes, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and SIRT1, have been investigated in breast cancer patients, in addition to detect the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vitamin K levels. Sixty participants were enrolled in this study, 30 women with breast cancer and 30 controls. Serum were analysed for determination of the levels of PARP1, SIRT1, MDA, SOD, and vitamin K. The results showed a drop in the expression levels of PARP and that was concomitant with the elevation in the expression levels of SIRT1 and MDA, in addition to the drop in SOD and vitamin K levels. These findings suggest that SIRT1 might be the most NAD-consuming enzyme in cancerous cells rather than PARP (the DNA repair enzyme), and this increase in MDA with the drop in  SOD and vitamin K might be associated with the increase in cell proliferation and a decrease in apoptotic cell death. Finally, this study could be used as a treatment option for patients with breast cancer. could be used as a treatment option for patients with breast cancer.

The study was designed to evaluate the medical relevance of Malondialdehyde (MDA) (a marker of oxidative stress) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) groups, cured groups, and control groups; before and after taking the vaccine. Blood samples were taken from Oncology Unit in Al-Mahaweel hospital in Hilla city. Sixteen patients, sixteen cured patients, thirty control, sixteen subjects were taken one dose of Pfizer vaccine, sixteen subjects were taken two doses of Pfizer vaccine. We found that significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of COVID-19 patients and TAC decreased in patients when compared with the control groups. Inversely, we found the mean MDA levels decrease and increase in TAC levels in cured patients when compare with COVID-19 patients. In addition, it is found that subjects were taken one dose or two doses of the Pfizer vaccine have less MDA levels and more TAC levels than the COVID-19 vaccine for that reason the Pfizer vaccines play the important role in the activity of immune systems.

This article aims to analyze how Nigeria, the 86^th ranked State according to the Global Health Security Index (GHS Index), fared through the Covid-19 pandemic by linking its Ebola experience to the pandemic response. The paper will tackle (one of) these questions: Does their response as a State truly reflect the ranking? Or were they, like the rest of the world, truly unprepared and powerless against the outbreak?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of 1% and 2% topical nifedipine ointments on TGF–β and the acceleration of facial skin wound healing in rabbits. Nifedipine ointments of 1% and 2% were prepared. Fifty healthy male rabbits were involved and distributed into two groups according to the study period: group A (7 days) and group B (14 days). Each group was subdivided into five groups (5 rabbits/group): Group I (Normal): rabbits did not undergo a surgical procedure and did not receive treatment; group II (negative control): rabbits had surgical wounds without treatment; group III (positive control): rabbits had surgical wounds with white petroleum treatment; group IV(nifedipine 1%): rabbits had surgical wounds with nifedipine 1% ointment treatment; and group V(nifedipine 2%): rabbits had surgical wounds with nifedipine 2% ointment treatment. Following euthanasia, blood samples (5 ml) were collected from all animals for TGF–β analysis using an ELISA kit. The TGF–β level in NFD 1% group was significantly higher on the 7^th and14^th day of the study associated with a higher rate of wound closure in comparison to other groups. Conclusions: Nifedipine 1% ointment has beneficial value for improving wound healing, while nifedipine NFD 2% has no such effect.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to see how systemic vitamin D3 supplementation affected the durability of dental implants as assessed by radiofrequency analysis.Methods: This split-mouth clinical trial included a total of twelve patients seeking dental implant therapy, ranging in age from 25 to 50 years. The patients were divided into control group and treatment group. Each patient in both groups received dental implants in posterior maxillary extraction sites. The radiofrequency analysis (RFA) was conducted using Osstell Mentor device to evaluate the stability of dental implant at various time points.Results: During the three months of the trial, substantial differences between the treatment and control groups were detected according to osstell meter device at the time of insertion (primary stability) and 3 months later (secondary stability).Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation has a positive effect on dental implant stability.

Background: Cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2) is a monomeric glycoprotein that is mostly expressed in the intermediate zone of articular cartilage and can be detected in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The level of CILP2 in serum and its quantity on the articular cartilage surface and throughout the articular cartilage indicates the potential utility of CILP2 for investigation as a biomarker for determining cartilage deterioration in joint disorders. The CILP2 measurement of changes in cartilage biomarkers may be an effective and sensitive tool for detecting the early development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in people at risk for KOA. Changes in CILP2 levels may be beneficial for the early diagnosis of KOA, as CILP2 appears to be linked to cartilage thickness reduction in people who are more likely to develop KOA. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) effectiveness of transforming growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and the vascular endothelial growth factor is thought to be related to their release. Because of their capacity to increase matrix formation,growth factors have been widely researched for OA and cartilage regeneration. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan polymer composed of N-acetyl glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid disaccharide molecules. Early embryonic development, inflammatory, wound repair, cell differentiation, and viscoelasticity are all affected by HA, and other biological processes The study was aimed to evaluate effecte of CILP2 levels after intraarticular injecting pure platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid into patients with early knee osteoarthritis.Materials and Methods: BT LAB kits were used to assess the serum CILP2 level. The experimental investigation included 18 control groups, 10 HA injections, and 21 pure PRP injections. age ranged from 35 to 75. The study was exluded all individuals with advanced osteoarthritis in the knee, COVID-19, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. the time frame running from November 2021 until June 2022. Other variables in our research were age, gender, family history, use of antihypertensive medications or medications for other disorders, and body mass index (BMI). Results: The findings of this study demonstrate elevated CILP2 levels in patients with early KOA before treatments injection compared with the healthy control. After treatments injection, the level of CILP2 was decreased compared with before injection.Conclusions: CILP2 could be one of the prognostic signs of early KOA.

Background: Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used to alleviate inflammatory signs and symptoms. It is a potent acidic drug that presents mainly in unionized form in the stomach, thus it has a high permeability through the stomach, but poor aqueous solubility. This study, tried to explore the application of hydrotropes to improve the solubility of piroxicam by using different concentrations of the hydrotropic agent sodium benzoate.Methods: Maximum absorbance of piroxicam and its calibration curve was determined using methanol as a solvent, saturated solubility of piroxicam in distilled water and in various concentrations of sodium benzoate 5%, 10%, 15% was measured.Results: The results showed that saturated solubility of piroxicam in aqueous solutions of 5%, 10%, and 15% of sodium benzoate was 19, 53, and 89 time respectively greater than its solubility in distilled water.Conclusion: There was a clear improvement in the solubility of piroxicam with the addition of the hydrotropic agent sodium benzoate, and that solubility increased with more increase in the concentration of the hydrotropic agent.

Growth hormone (GH) the most abundant hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland could have a role with other growth factors in wound healing because they can help in the physiological wound healing process.Aims: To investigate the effects of GH on facial skin wound healing in rabbits and to evaluate its effect on "insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)" and "transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β)" in serum. Material and Method: Thirty healthy male rabbits included in this study were classified into two groups according to the day of euthanization 7 and 14 days of study, each group was subdivided into three groups; negative control group, positive control group, and treatment group, full-thickness circle 1 cm wounds were excised in the skin of the forehead for each rabbit without any medication.3-(treated group) full-thickness circle 1 cm wounds will excise in the skin of the forehead for each rabbit, 0.1ml [contain 1.2mg /3.6 IU] of growth hormone injected subcutaneously around the incision, the injection process is every other day.Result: showed a highly significant difference among all study groups in serum TGF-β (ng/L) and IGF (ng/ml) during the first and second weeks. the serum TGF-β at the end of the first and second weeks showed a significant elevation in the treatment group when compared to the other study groups. There is no significant difference between the two control groups. The serum IGF at the end of the first and second weeks showed a significant difference in IGF levels among all study groups.Conclusions: Topical GH has a role in skin wound healing since it can increase the serum level of TGF-β. GH also causes a decrease in serum IGF. Topical GH may have a positive impact on skin wound healing.

Background: During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, workers in the healthcare sector are experiencing high workload, making them susceptible to psychological illness.Purpose: This study aimed to explore the influence of COVID-19 outbreak on the depressive symptoms and quality of life among health workers (HWs) in Saudi Arabia.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the psychological impact and quality of life were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q). Results: A total of 151 HWs participated in the study, from which 80 participants completed the survey (response rate: 53%). Females (85.5%) were predominantly higher than males (14.5%). Minimal to mild depressive symptoms were observed in about 47%, whereas only 11.25% of health workers had severe depressive symptoms. Females had lower PHQ-9 scores compared to males. The occurrence of moderately severe to severe depression in medical HWs was more than two folds compared to non-medical workers (26.5% and 12.9%, respectively). Around 73% of HWs had a Q-LES-Q score above 50%, which indicates moderate to high quality of life. The younger participants had a lower quality of life. Similar scores of Q-LES-Q were reported in both females and males.Conclusion: Throughout the pandemics, mental status and quality of life of workers in the healthcare sector can be affected. During COVID-19 outbreak, moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms were seen in 21.3% of HWs in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, 27.5% had lower quality of life. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine variable changes over time. Recognizing the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic can guide policymakers to tailor interventions that support the most vulnerable workers.

Background and objectives: Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of ischemic heart disease. There are many aggravating metabolic and oxidant parameters which are participating together overwhelming the pathology of vascular stenosis. Adipokines play a positive metabolic effect in healthy individuals and oxidation reaction greatly impacts the lipid metabolism and might negatively impact the condition. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the level of adiponectin, obestatin, and redox parameters in atherosclerotic patients.Methods: Serum was collected from atherosclerotic patients and froze to be ready for analysis.Results: The results indicated that hyperlipidemia significantly reduced adiponectin, obestatin, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) together with a significant increase in oxidant byproduct (malondialdehyde) and modulated lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein).Conclusion: The study concluded that atherosclerosis is associated with reduced antioxidant enzymes, obestatin, and adiponectin levels and increased lipid levels. These parameters play a great role in the patho-logical status of coronary stenosis.

The author describes the possibilities of primary prevention in the form of an organized Health Day in Vyškov garrison. The author emphasizes the importance of preventive intervention programs and the significance of regular physical activity in the ACR. He describes the advantages of the Diers pedoscan pedometer.