Fulltext search in archive

Background: Overconsumption of fructose may cause metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS pathogenesis is caused by oxidative stress, cellular malfunction, and systemic inflammation caused by hereditary and environmental factors. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has become associated with the phrase "antioxidant." Most researchers use and test NAC with the goal of preventing or reducing oxidative stress.Aim: To determine the positive effects of NAC on blood glucose, lipid profile, and body weight in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in albino rats.Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats, 10-12 weeks old, were haphazardly divided into five groups of identical size. Group I (negative control) received tap water for 12 weeks. Group II (positive control) received a 60% w/w fructose solution (60% FS) instead of tap water for 12 weeks. Group III (NAC) received tap water and an intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of NAC (150 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Group IV (protection) co-administered 60% FS orally and NAC IP injection (150 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Group V (treatment) received 60% FS for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of drinking tap water with NAC IP injection (150 mg/kg/day). Blood samples were taken at weeks 0, 8, and 12 and were tested for serum glucose and lipid profile. All animals of each group were weighted at weeks 0, 8 and 12 of the study.Results: Concerning serum glucose, group II showed increased glycaemia at week 8 and further elevation during week 12. Group III displayed normal glycaemia at weeks 8 and 12. In group IV, glycaemia showed elevation at week 8 followed by almost complete restoration at week 12. In group V, there was an increased glycaemia at week 8 followed by a partial restoration at week 12. Regarding lipid profile parameters, group II demonstrated a deterioration during week 8 and more worsening during week 12. There were no significant changes in group III's parameters during weeks 8 and 12. Group IV displayed a worsening in lipid profile during week 8 followed by a nearly complete improvement during week 12. During week 8, group V deteriorated, followed by a partial recovery during week 12. Concerning body weight, group II showed a weight gain at week 8 and further elevation during week 12. Group III displayed normal glycaemia at weeks 8 and 12. In group IV, glycaemia showed elevation at week 8 followed by almost complete restoration at week 12. In group V, there was an increased glycaemia at week 8 followed by a partial restoration at week 12. At week 8, there was a significant elevation in body weights  in groups II and V compared to group I. Moreover, a significant reduction in body weight was recorded in group IV compared to group II during week 8. At week 12, a significant elevation in body weight was noticed  in groups II and V compared to group I. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in body weight in group III compared to group I. On the other hand, there was a significant fall in body weight in groups IV and V  compared to group II during week 12.Conclusion: MetS was caused by a high-fructose diet, which has been shown to have a negative impact on serum glucose, lipid profiles, and body weight. Moreover, NAC has been shown to enhance these parameters in a time-dependent manner.

Background: Progesterone is the source of the steroid general anesthetic Alfaxalone, which became commercially available in the 1970s when combined  with alfadolone, another steroid anesthetic.Objective: the goal of the present  research was to discover and assess the sub-anesthetic effects of Alfaxalone: the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties in broiler chicks. Methods: One hundred and three Ross broiler chicks (80-100 g, 7-8 days old) were used. The electric stimulation test, hot water test (HWT), and formalin test were performed on broiler chicks to assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Alfaxalone. The up-and-down method that described by Dixon was used to determine the median effective antinociceptive dose.Results: The median effective antinociceptive doses (ED_50s) of Alfaxalone by  electric stimulation test and hot water test were 0.94 and 0.65 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively. Alfaxalone, at doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg intraperitoneally, induced an antinociceptive effect in the electric stimulation test and HWT as well as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects during the  formalin test in the chicks. The antinociceptive effect was displayed 15 min after treatment and the maximum effect was observed 30 min after injection.Conclusion: The results showed that Alfaxalone had antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, with a stronger antinociceptive effect in the electric stimulation test than in the thermal stimulation test, which was illustrated by  shorter antinociceptive time.

Background: Nutrition an integral part of child growth and development.Aim: Comparison regarding mothers' knowledge and practice between blind and non-blind child.Patients and Methods: A case control study design of 120 mothers (40 mother of blind child and 80 mother of non-blind child). It was adopted in UmAl-Rbean Development Foundation for Blind and purblind during.Results: revealed that 108 (90%) agree that with food we can control most of our disease. Diet-disease relationship reported by mothers were obesity 92 (77%) and hypertension 66 (55%) with P-value 0.017. Mothers' knowledge regarded true fact (playing sport and eat and drink, and do not be extravagant were 120 (100%) and 76 (63.3%) respectively. Mothers reported that 72 (60%) of study sample eat protein twice a day, 92 (76.7%) eat carb frequently aday, 54 (45%) eat fat once a day, 68 (56.7%) eat fruit and vegetable twice a day. Drinking plenty of water seen among blind child 18 (45%) while drinking of water with meal seen among non-blind 66 (82.5%). Drinking of tea commonly among non-blind 72 (90%) and specially with meal 28 (38.9%).Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers of non-blind children more knowledgeable than mothers of blind children. Eating carb and fat twice a day commonly seen among blind child mean while eating protein and fruit and vegetable twice a day more prevalent among non- blind child.Recommendation: Exclusive education program to mother of blind child to improve their knowledge and enhance health practice toward their child nutrition.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disorder manifested by joint damage due to inflammation and autoimmunity which in turn has significant impacts on a patient's lifestyle. During disease, inflammation occurs due to activation of different immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes. Currently, the mainstay of treatment for RA is drug therapy. However, drug options are limited due to their negative effects and the possibility of reducing therapeutic benefits over time. Therefore, an effective and tolerable alternative therapy is needed. Several natural products have been found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects by affecting multiple molecular targets such as transcription factors and cytokines. Cinnamon, an aromatic plant, is a popular spice used for cooking and in traditional medicine all over the world. Cinnamon is composed mostly of essential oils and various components, such as cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. This review demonstrates the anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon components in various preclinical and clinical studies illustrating their potential role in the treatment of RA.

Background: The rapid loss of kidney function is known as nephrotoxicity. The harmful effects of medications may cause this. Amikacin-related nephrotoxicity is an excellent illustration of such a case. Amikacin is a synthetic aminoglycoside that works against the majority of gram-negative bacteria and, in some circumstances, can be harmful to the kidneys. One of the many methods used to prevent or decrease this toxicity is the use of antioxidant substances with amikacin. Beta carotene is an antioxidant carotenoid pigment.The aim of the current study: is to illustrate the ameliorative effect of beta carotene against the nephrotoxicity caused by amikacin when given before or during the treatment of amikacin. The study also evaluates the nephrotoxicity evoked by amikacin.Material and Methods: Five groups of animals were used (seven rats in each group): the control group, the amikacin group, the beta carotene group, the beta carotene with the amikacin group, and the group given beta carotene first, then added amikacin later together with the beta carotene.Results: The results of the current study demonstrate that when comparing the amikacin-treated group to the control group, there was a significant elevation (p ˂ 0.05) of serum creatinine and urea levels. The results also showed that when comparing the amikacin -treated group to the group treated with beta carotene during amikacin treatment for 14 days, there was a significant reduction (p ˂ 0.05) in serum creatinine and urea levels. Furthermore, in comparison of the amikacin -treated group to the group treated with beta carotene only for 9 days and continued with amikacin for 14 days, there was a significant reduction (p ˂ 0.05) in serum creatinine and urea levels. Also, there were significant decreases (near normal) in serum creatinine and urea. Histological findings confirmed these findings; there was damage to renal tissue in the amikacin -treated group, whereas groups treated with beta carotene and amikacin showed improvements in histological images.Discussion and conclusion: According to the results of renal function tests and histological findings, treatment with AMK only causes renal toxicity in rats, and when rats are treated with BC before and during AMK treatment or even only during AMK treatment, BC can prevent this renal toxicity by decreasing serum urea and creatinine levels, which, in agreement with the previous study, leads us to conclude that BC offers significant protection against AMK-induced nephrotoxicity, The results also showed the efficiency of two methods of administration of beta carotene in giving the required protection against renal toxicity (not preferring one method over the other).

Background: There is a marked use of technology by children in our societies, particularly during the last 2decades, which may be associated with limitation of their milestones developments including speech.Objectives: To determine the association between screen exposure and speech development delay among toddlers and preschoolers, to clarify the correlation linking the visioning of the screen and the input - data – of the child and his(her) mother, and to identify the impact of screen withdrawal on the possible enhancement of speech.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled children (n=237) who had a history of delay in speech or complete loss of the ability to speak as a chief complaint. The age ranged from 12–60 months categorized into two groups: toddlers and preschoolers. All cases had programmed medical visits to the private clinics of psychiatry in Nineveh Province, Iraq. Data were obtained from interview questionnaire reports including; digital device type, first exposure age, spent time, and child-maternal parameters. Follow-up for 6months was done beyond the departure of those media.Results: This study involved 47 (19.8%) toddlers, and 190 (80.2%) preschoolers with an inclination toward males. Children with speech postponement were spotted in around 225 (94.9%), while the others had complete loss of the ability to speak. In both sets, a considerable association between speech delay and screen viewing was shown, impressively those who commenced screen exposure at less than twenty-four months of age and consumed ≥4hr per day for screens visioning. Six –months after quitting these devices, there is speech improvement was recognized in 36.7% of cases.Conclusions: Positive associations were noticed between the first exposure age and high frequency of screen spent time and speech delays in children, especially toddlers. This work recommends an instantaneous parent's and researchers' consciousness, besides that from health consultants, on the acceptable usage of screen's visioning time in consonance with children to support healthy development in digital life.

The most vital factors that hostile health human are toxic heavy metals (THMs). Heavy metals are harmful environmental contaminants that can decrease the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy and afterwards impede a healthy birth. Both paternal and maternal toxic metal exposure could influence pregnancy, So the rates of pregnancy failure are constantly rising. The current study's goal is to explore the effect of Pеrоxirеdоxin 3 antioxidant, as well as some toxic metals (TMs) such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury in missed abortion patients and compared with healthy pregnant and non˗pregnant women without a history of abortion in order to evaluate the degree of this effect on this pathological situation. Additionally, it will demonstrate the connection between these biochemical variables and gestational age. Pеrоxirеdоxin 3 (Prx3), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Mercury (Hg) as a (THMs) were estimated in 40 healthy non˗pregnant (HNP) women, 40 healthy prеgnаnts (HP) with no abortion history, and 20 women with missed abortion (MA). All woman participants are of reproductive age, with the maternal gestational age in the HP and MA groups being ≤ 20 weeks. Maternal gestational age was used to categorize MA and HP women into two groups (1^st & 2^nd trimester).Regarding to the findings of recent research, Prx3 levels declined noticeably in MA patients compared to HP and HNP groups, on other hand the difference of toxic metals which represented in this study as: (As, Cd, and Hg)  elevated statistically significantly in MA patients compared to HP and HNP groups. Within the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, the difference of Prx3 levels showed statistically significant reduction between the MA and HP groups. A statistical significance elevation was found between the two comparable gestational age of both groups in regard to blood serum (As, Cd, and Hg) levels. Lastly, the impact of gestational period within MA cases was revealed, serum (Cd) and (Hg) showing a significant variation between the first and second trimester of pregnancy, whereas Prx3 and (As)  were unaffected by pregnancy advances within the MA group.

Increased oxidative stress appears to be a risk factor for insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance, and, eventually, diabetes mellitus. The majority of research shows that oxidative stress plays a role in the etiology of diabetes through changes in enzymatic systems, lipid peroxidation, decreased levels of vitamin C, and reduced glutathione metabolism. Objectives: the study was conducted to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress such as serum malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), vitamins (C, E), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and a lipid profile in newly diagnosed type I diabetics (IDDM). Methods: Patients are selected by simple randomization after professional diagnosis based on clinical examination and laboratory tests in a case-control study. This study included 24 newly diagnosed type I diabetics and 20 as a control group. Results: Newly diagnosed IDDM patients showed significantly higher MDA, MPO, TC, LDL, TC, TG, and AIP than the control group. The diabetic group also showed a significant decrease in CAT, GSH, HDL, NO and vitamins (E and C) when compared to healthy subjects. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that patients with type 1 diabetes have a disturbance in oxidant/antioxidant status and lipid profile.

The 14^th Host-Pathogen Interaction Forum was held in Kutná Hora, Czech Republic, between November 7 - 10, 2022. The Forum was traditionally organized by the Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, in collaboration with the Czech Immunological Society in Prague, Czech Republic.

Dear Readers, I hope this message finds you well. It is with a mix of nostalgia and anticipation for the future that I write to you today. As the Editor-in-Chief of Military Medical Science Letters, it has been my privilege to witness the growth and evolution of our journal, thanks to the contributions of brilliant researchers and the avid readership of professionals like you. ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver, which in most cases develops in the field of liver cirrhosis of various etiologies. Only the early stages of the disease are indicated for surgical, potentially curative treatment. Only about a third of cases of HCC are caught in the early stages. The screening examination of risk groups of patients is liver ultrasonography (USG) at 6-month intervals. Besides its well-known advantages, USG has significant limitations. The sensitivity of USG for the early stages of HCC is only around 60 %. Considering this and also because it is an expert-dependent method, there is an urgent need for an objective HCC biomarker. Alpha-fetoprotein is generally perceived as a biomarker of HCC, however, its sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic or even screening purposes are insufficient. Other biomarkers have been investigated with varying results, but none have reached the effectiveness of USG. A relatively new approach to this problem is blood plasma spectroscopy, which has proven its effectiveness in various diseases. From the perspective of HCC, few studies have focused on blood plasma spectroscopy. In the review, the authors also present their work, where blood plasma spectroscopy achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 88 % and 90 %, respectively, in differentiating patients with liver cirrhosis without and with HCC. Despite all efforts, a sufficiently reliable and validated biomarker of HCC usable for early diagnosis and screening has not yet been identified.

Both the Mitragyna speciosa and products manufactured from its leaves are named kratom. The dry material of kratom contains a number of biologically active alkaloids, including two abundant substances mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine that interact with opioid receptors. Kratom is used as an anesthetic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and wound-healing drug. Adverse effects can follow the excessive intake of kratom, and it is also considered an addictive substance in some countries. This review describes kratom's origin, biological effects' mechanism, its therapeutic and adverse impact on an organism, and the legislative aspects of its sale are described here.

Life aspects in everyone’s life cause a human being all the time in a diverse social situation which affects everyone differently. These aspects are the people who surround us, cultures, political environment, and profession we choose to do for life. Every job should evolve and bring new needs and enquiries. This applies to social workers as well as this job reflects social and cultural attitudes towards diverse social groups such as a mother with children, foreigners, people without housing, people with disabilities, seniors, and seniors or people living with dementia.The following text points out the significant importance of communication with a focus on social workers who take care of seniors with dementia. This text includes a theoretical perspective on the problem and practical recommendations, and it presents data which were collected during a questionnaire which was part of this research. The number of respondents to the questionnaire is 262, and the participants were from across the whole Czech Republic who are in everyday contact with the target group. The main aim of the research was to discover the social worker's attitude toward communication – how and what purpose is behind the communication with people with dementia, what tools do they use during the communication, and what complications can occur during the interaction?

Background: The knee is the predominant weight-bearing joint affected by osteoarthritis, and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the 11^th significant cause of disability. As life expectancy has increased, the need for knee replacement procedures has grown, putting a major financial burden on patients and healthcare systems. Intra-articular (IA) injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) promises to be a potential method in research for the more preservative and biological strategies to treat this chronic degenerative condition. PRP has expected to contain a high number of growth factors and proteins involved in tissue repair mechanisms.Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of intra-articular injections (IAIs) pure-PRP and their dosage regimen efficacy in patients with mild and moderate knee OA.Material and method: This study included 33 patients (11 male and 22 female). The patient groups included 16 with mild and 17 with moderate knee osteoarthritis. With ages ranged from 32 to 66 years old. These patients were divided into three groups based on dosage (12 received a single injection, 11 received a double injection, and 10 received a triple injection), with a two-week interval between injections. The outcome was measured using WOMAC index for pain, stiffness, and daily functional limitation, as well as laboratory testing for TNF-alpha using the Eliza technique. All the patients were assessed at baseline and after three months of injection. The study was designed as non-randomized controlled trial study during November 2021 to May 2022 at Al-imam Ali hospital, Babylon governorate, Iraq.Results: Regarding severity, In both mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis, serum TNF-alpha was significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.001). All WOMAC scores were showed significantly lower levels after treatment with pure-PRP as compared with their levels before treatment (p ≤ 0.001, Regarding the number of injections, all patients who received a single injection, double injections, and triple injections showed a significant decrease in the serum TNF-alpha and WOMAC scores (p 0.05) in both mild and moderate patients. The triple injections were more effective than double and single injections.Conclusions: In conclusion, the treatment with pure-PRP was safe and satisfactory for patients in terms of relieving clinical symptoms. The WOMAC scores has indicated that  improvement in pain relief for patients after injection and could act as an anti-inflammatory, as inflammatory marker TNF-alpha was reduced after injection, and there was a superior outcome to increasing dose numbers, as triple injection gave a positive outcome in both mild and moderate KOA when compared to single and double injection.

The precise method of action of dienogest on the production and development of endometriosis lesions is unknown, and its controversial effect on endometrial thickness has been under investigation. In the following study the Dienogest's effects on the target animal's histology of female reproductive organs, including the tissues from the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus, as well as the impact of drug administration on the liver's enzymes and the drug's effects on triglycerides, body weight, and HbA1c, have all been studied. The findings of the following experiment indicated that there was no significant elevation of liver enzymes. The little to no elevation of the liver enzymes indicated that the drug did not induce stress on the hepatic cells and according to the subsequent experiment it is safe for clinical use. Moreover, after 10, 20, and 30 days of blood administration, the level of blood TG significantly decreased, and after 30 days of intake, the level of blood sugar significantly decreased. However, there were no appreciable changes after 10 and 20 days. After 30 days of treatment, the rats' weight also showed a very minor drop. In addition to it, the results of histological changes in the tissue in the following study represented that there were evident changes in the tissues which comprised of decline in blood circulation, fibrosis in tissues, and degeneration of follicles.

Once absorbed through lung tissues, smog-soluble substances are readily distributable throughout organ system reaching approximately all cells perturbing the subcellular events at mitochondrial level. The present study aimed to detect the deleterious impact of smog-containing materials on mitochondrial and thereby serum pyruvate/lactate levels coincidentally with liver proper functionality. To do so, chronic smokers were recruited and sub-classified into groups based on chronicity of smoking; control (never smoked), G1=smokers for up to 5 years, G2=smokers for up to 10 years, and  G3=smokers for up to 15 years. Serum samples were collected and stored for later on analysis. Results have confirmed that serum pyruvate/lactate and liver enzymes modulated reciprocally with smoking compared to control. The results also confirmed that liver enzymes were strongly modulated, GOT elevated while GPT reduced in a way reciprocal to chronicity, while ALP elevated in first few years of smoking in G1 group compared to other groups or control group. Serum albumin was significantly elevated in studied groups compared to control group with no changes appeared in total plasma protein and the bilirubin levels were higher in G2 group compared to G1 or G3 or control groups. Serum lactate and to certain extent serum pyruvate were also significantly perturbed showing higher levels in smokers compared to control or junior smokers. In conclusion, mitochondrial subcellular machinery are strongly affected following smoking indicated by serum pyruvate/lactate measurement and this in turn strongly affect liver functionality as an important organ involved in pyruvate-lactate demarcation and pertaining to the liver functionality indicated by bilirubin and total plasma protein or albumin measurements.

Background: The degree of blood pH affects the fundamental function of vitamin D, which is to maintain calcium and phosphorus as well as many other biochemical, neurological, and behavioural activities the difference in blood pH impacts the levels of calcium and vitamin D in the blood, and it is also in charge of ensuring that calcium levels are suitable and constant.Objective: that blood pH affects the basic function of calcium and phosphorus and vitamin D, the difference in pH affects calcium and vitamin D levels in the blood and is also responsible for keeping calcium levels appropriate and stable.Methods: 7 groups composed of 35 mature female rats were divided at random.Results: After 24 hours, none of the animals died. While stress activity increased with alkaline water, vitamin D3 and calcium levels increased in the acid water group while their concentration decreased with prednisolone, while calcium levels did not change in the alkaline water group. The animals in the two groups of vitamin D3 and acidified water with or without prednisolone moved less in the open field. Along with increased oxidative stress, vitamin D3 with acid water also inhibited cholinesterase activity. The lipid profile in the blood is impacted by the vitamin D3 group in both acidic and alkaline water.Conclusion: Prednisolone reduces serum levels of vitamin D3. And that acidic water directly affects the toxicity of vitamin D3, while alkaline water significantly reduces toxicity.

Background: Oral ulcers are among the common recurrent oral diseases which seek medical help; the underlying pathology is yet obscure, making medical intervention difficult.Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate if montelukast could help mouth ulcer model in Albino rats.Methods: The rats were divided into two groups of 24, the control group of 12 rats with induced ulcer and no therapy, and the treatment group with induced ulcer and treated orally with Montelukast 20 mg/kg. Each group had six rats sacrificed after 3 and 7 days of treatment. The lingual ulcer was produced with cotton soaked in 70% acetic acid solution and rubbed against the tongue for 2 minutes. Discolouration of tongue tissue has been noticed. Animals in all groups were weighed on days 1, 3, and 7 following mucosal ulcerations were confirmed.Results: On days 1, 3, and 7, the body weight of the treatment group rats improved as compared to the control group. On days 3 and 7, the tongue histological section of the control group revealed a wide gap of the site of ulcer in the lingual mucosa, inflammatory exudate, and severe infiltration of inflammatory cells (score 3) without re-epithelialization (score 0). Lingual sections of MTK treated group after ulcer induction on day 3 showed the same lesions as the control group whereas after 7 days demonstrated improvement in inflammatory indicators as inflammatory exudate and infiltration of inflammatory cells (score 1), formation of granulation tissue composed of fibrous tissue and angiogenesis and Re-epithelialization (score 1) comparing with the control group.Conclusion: The present study found Montelukast's anti-inflammatory potential characteristics to treat generated lingual ulcers in rats.

Background: The level of pro-inflammatory Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD 68) could be beneficial for examination as a biomarker for identifying cartilage or knee tissue degradation in joint problems. Because Cluster of Differentiation 68 appears to be linked to cell damage in the injury area, its measurement may be an effective and sensitive tool for detecting the early development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in people at risk for knee osteoarthritis.Aim of the study: The study aimed to evaluate which type of PRP (Pure-PRP and leukocyte-PRP) are suitable for patients with KOA via assessing the levels of serum CD 68 concentration.Materials and Methods: Serum Cluster of Differentiation 68 level was computed using ELISA kits. The experimental study comprises 21 pure-platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) injections,11 leukocytes platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) injections, and  16 control groups. Ranged from 35- 75 years old. All patients with diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, and severe knee osteoarthritis were excluded from this study. The period of the study was between November 2021 to June 2022. This study assessed other factors such as age, sex, family inheritance, and body mass index (BMI). The level of CD 68 was measured in the serum before and after the injection for six weeks.Results: The level of the study showed CD 68 elevated before injection in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A significant decrease of CD 68 (P< 0.01-P<0.001) in the serum concentration after injection as compared to before injection. However, the concentration was significantly higher than the control.Conclusions: In conclusion, both P-PRP and L-PRP demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. Patients in both groups experienced a significant decrease in CD 68 serum levels, however, the P-PRP was more effective than the L-PRP.

Background: Hydatidosis is a deadly parasitic disease that affects both humans and animals. It has received much attention due to widespread health and economic concerns. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three hydatid cysts from the slaughterhouse and butcher shops were analyzed, 17 from the lung and 16 from the liver. The specimens were collected from hydatid fluid and grown on nutritional agar and MacConkey agar using a sterile loop. A Vitek- 2 compact instrument was used to identify bacteria. The viability of the protoscoleces was also determined in these hydatid cysts. Results: The secondary infection rate with bacteria in hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts was 24 (72.7%) from a total of thirty-three samples. Several types of bacteria have been isolated from hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts. Aeromonas hydrophila had the highest infection rate in hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts reaching 20.83% while the lowest infection rate was 4.17% for Leuconostoc mesenteriodes, Lactococcus garvieae, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Staphylococcus hominis, Streptococcus uberis, Pseudomonas stutzer and Vibro vulnificus. Staphylococcus lentus and Lactococcus garvieae had the highest effect on the viability of protoscoleces in liver and lung, reaching 0%, and 13% respectively. Eleven of a total of 13 types of bacteria isolated from hydatid cysts in the liver and lung: were diagnosed for the first time and had not previously been recognized by earlier investigation. The rates of bacterial infection in hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts were 76.47% and 68.75%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of our current study indicate that the secondary infection rate with bacteria in hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts reached (72.7%), and different types of bacteria in hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts have a clear effect on the viability of protoscoleces.

Background: Asprosin is correlated to many pathologic of glucose dysregulation, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, serum lipids, and adiposity.Objective investigating the role of the asprosin hormone and its relationship to insulin resistance in newly diagnosed metabolic syndrome and clinical parameters.Methods: The study included measurement of asprosin hormone, insulin, insulin resistance and some biochemical variable levels in metabolic syndrome patients with age matching to the control group (35 - 65 years). The study included the measurement of asprosin hormone. MetS were diagnosed in compliance with the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) criteria for patients attending the abdominal consultation unit at the Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq.Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in the concertation of asprosin hormone in metabolic syndrome patients compared to the control group. Also, it has been found that was a significant increase in the concertation of glucose, insulin, homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Glucose to insulin Ratio(G/I), Triglyceride Glucose index (TyG), and McAuley Index, in addition to decreasing in homeostasis model for β-cell function(HOMA-%β), sensitivity of insulin(HOMA-%S) and Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index(QUICKI) in the metabolic syndrome patients. there is also a significant positive correlation between asprosin hormone with insulin resistance.Conclusion: Findings indicated that serum levels of asprosin and insulin resistance are increased in patients with metabolic syndrome. Also, they have a relationship with clinical parameters. So asprosin hormone can be used new biomarker of metabolic turbulence.