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Infectious diarrhea is counted among frequent complications in field training of units or their deployment in foreign missions. Acute diarrheal diseases ethiology varies and involves both classic bacterial pathogens and viral and parasitic agents. Last but not least, an infectious diarrhea picture may be developed even by bacterial producers so called enterotoxins. In this overview article, the most frequent agents of acute diarrheal diseases are ivnvolved, above all in the relation of the units deployed in combat operations. In the part devoted to viral agents, a brief comment is given on new viruses which are put into a casuality relationship with diarrheal diseases.

The author gives a survey on work of the Israeli Army Field Hospital in providing international health support in Haiti after the catastrophic earthquake in January 2010. He points out some ethic problems of doctors' decision during the triage of casualties in areas affected by the disaster, which other doctors will face while providing healthcare in extreme situations which will be markedly different from those provided in peace time.

The authors discuss an issue of demographic aging, heterogeneity of seniors, specific needs and questionable issues in seniors with mental disorders hospitalized at the Department of Gerontopsychiatry. The seniors with a psychiatric morbidity dependent on institutional care usually stand at the fringe interest of the society, even research does not pay a proper attention to them. From the point of financial costs, the gerontopsychiatry is incredibly underpaid area - there is a lack of money for both reconstruction and modernization of obsolescent gerontopsychiatric departments of mental homes. A guardian of the human rights has repeatedly warned about these conditions. The medical and social problematics of complex care for psychiatric senior patients itself brings specific difficulties as well as specific challenges which the authors called The Ten Commandments of seniors hospitalized on the gerontopsychiatric bed. The authors openly touch hot issues of institutional gerontopsychiatric care - unvoluntary hospitalizations, use of restrictive measures in gerontopsychiatry, pharmacotherapy of psychomotoric unrest states, disability for providing legal actions and compulsory treatment. Newly, the authors point out a quality of provided care in gerontopsychiatry and emphasize the issue of burnout which negatively influences just the quality of care in gerontopsychiatry and lives of gerontopsychiatric workers as well.

The NATO Advanced Training Course on training for mass casualty situations was held in cooperation with Traumacenter Rambam Hospital in Haifa, Israel from November 16-18, 2009. In total, 22 participants from 8 countries of the Partnership for Peace and Mediterranean Dialogue Programmes attended the course. The participants, divided into three groups, discussed and practised scenarios of mass casualty management in the area of pre-hospital care, hospital care and use of non-conventional weapons. The international team of instructors used the following teaching methods: general lectures, guided discussions, use of advanced multimedia tools, tabletop drills, clinical simulations in a specialized center and a large-scale drill. The mass casualty drill was held at the end of the course. The trainees of the course also participated as observers and reviewers in the drill, and debriefed it together with Traumacenter medical staff. The course was made possible by the provision of a grant by the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme.

Chlorine trifluoride is nonflammable, corrosive, and nearly colourless gas with a sweet odour. This compound is extremely reactive. Chlorine trifluoride is hazardous chemical highly irritating the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. There are no valid human studies in which well characterized exposure to inhalation of ClF3 is related to systemic effects but data from inhalation experiments in laboratory rats and dogs indicate that eyes and respiratory tract are the target organs following acute and repeated exposure to chlorine trifluoride. The current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for chlorine trifluoride is 0.1 ppm of air as a ceiling limit. Concentrations above 10 ppm are reportedly intolerable.

Technical development in computer hardware and application of new visualization algorithms allow the use of spatial visualization methods in many different branches of biological research. Computer graphics and information visualization methods became important help in the research of spatial features of medical objects. The article describes the process of studied objects visualization, used methods, data structures and software tools. Temporal bone visualization case study shows reconstruction process from acquired image data to final rendering of created computer model. Obtained results prove the possibility to combine image, surface and volume visualization methods for different researched objects.

Effect of triazine based pesticide (Sencor 70 WG - active substance metribuzine) was assessed via biochemical and hematological blood profile determination of experimental fish. We used a common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) as an experimental fish. Before rating the influence of metribuzine on biochemical and hematological blood profile we accomplished a preliminary test to determine a concentration range and after that a basic acute toxicity test to determine 96hLC50 value. Samples of common carp fingerlings were used for performing the tests. After 96hLC50 determination two groups of experimental fish (aged 1-2 years) were under this concentration and one control group without the substance. The test was processed according to the OECD methodology No. 203. In common carp, 96h exposure to 250.2 mg.l-1 of Sencor 70 WG caused a significant decrease (p < 0.01) of total plasma protein, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, inorganic phosphate, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean erythrocyte volume, leukocyte and significant increase (p < 0.01) of glucose, ammonia and calcium.

The article involves a content review of major advances and events in clinical oncology in 2007 that were published by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).

This article presents recent knowledge about galanthamine, its Structure, its pharmacodynamic as well as pharmacokinetic properties, its cognitive, behavioral and toxic efiects, and the methods of its determination in biological substances. _ This alkaloid is olatedfrom the Amaryllidaceae plant family acts as a reversible selective competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and it also allosterically modulates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby potentiates cholinergic, nicotinic neurotransmission. In medicine is has already been used since the 1960s, mainly in Eastern Europe to stop neuromuscular blockade and in neurological defect therapy. Recently galanthamine has been used predominantly for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease because it significantly improves the cognitive, functional as well as behavioral symptoms of this disease. The selectivity of galanthamine to acetylcholinesterase against butyrylcholinesterase is favourable because this selectivity can decrease the risk of unwanted effects in comparison with the nonselective inhibitors of cholinesterases (tacrine, physostigmine). . We can assume that there will be an increased use of galanthamine in civilian as well as military medicine due to these properties.

The authors provide an overview of the social significance of the deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and large funds from both patients and health insurance organisations for the treatment.
We compared the results obtained during treatment of patients with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).
The presented data and results for the cost of treatment of DVT patients require considerable financing. From the economic point of view under the conditions of health insurance it is important to increase the number of patients treated in outpatient settings.

Lebanon, 3 small country situated on the east side of the Mediterranean Sea, for many years has been engaged in the military conflict with its southern neighbour - Israel. The country is divided into the northern and southern parts, the former being occupied by the Syrian Army, while the latter is under control of the lsrael-supervised Army of the South Lebanon. A narrow, dozen or so kilometre-wide land stretched between the South and East Lebanon forms the safety zone which has been controlled for many years by the so called UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)....

The presentation describes the hygiene and epidemiological control in the Czech Army. This control is implemented by two organizational systems. The first of them is based on the garrison medical stations and the Central Military Medical Institute, which are the institutions built according to the military organizational tables. The second system consists of some military hygiene service officials (Chief Hygienists, Director of the CMMI, the heads of the CMMI branches), who execute their authorities derived from the Public Health Protection Act. Some details about hierarchy and main tasks of both systems are provided.

In spite of sporadic occurrence of Invasive Meningococcal Diseases (IMD), epidemics with high death rates and Seque/ae are nothing exceptional. N. Meningitidis B was replaced by a new clone of N. meningitidis C: 2a: P1.2 (P1.5). Recruits of military troops deployed in the O/omouc district have occurred among the first afflicted. The clinical outlook resulted even in few deaths. Mass immunization of all the recruits demonstrated increasing immunization coverage reaching up to 98 % in 1998. Vaccine against A+C (Pasteur Merieux) has been used. The mass immunization of all the recruits was followed by a substantial decrease of IMD incidence, which has a/most disappeared Since that time.....

9. - 11. October 1997, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic