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The author describes the possibilities of primary prevention in the form of an organized Health Day in Vyškov garrison. The author emphasizes the importance of preventive intervention programs and the significance of regular physical activity in the ACR. He describes the advantages of the Diers pedoscan pedometer.

Following the success of the previous International Nutrition & Diagnostics Conference we are delighted to invite you to the next year's event on 9 - 12 October 2017 in Prague, Czech Republic.INDC 2017 will once again bring together medical doctors, analytical chemists, biochemists, chemists, and those in the clinical diagnosis seeking research breakthroughs, new technologies and new approaches in the field of nutrition, food diseases, food components and health trends.Nutrition, food science and diagnostics have improved their importance in today's human's life style. Food diseases, nutritional disorders, and malnutrition habits are becoming major public health concerns recently. It is important for people to balance nutrition and physical activity nowadays, therefore is determinant to prevent and manage food diseases.

The kidneys are one of the organ that can be commonly damaged by a number of toxic compounds (heavy metals, xenobiotics, drugs, etc.). To characterize the mechanism of toxicity, a variety of methods have been developed. The in vitro methods belong among the mostly used. Especially, the use of cell lines seems to be the leading approach to test and to characterize the toxicity mechanisms. At present, several cell lines of animal (from rat, dog, pig) or human origin are available. A detailed evaluation must go before any selection of a suitable cell line for experiments. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe and to evaluate the mostly used renal cell lines.

Dear Colleagues, Dear Friends I am honored to announce that the 13^th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and the 7^th International Conference on Paraoxonases will be organised under my supervision in the Czech Republic: 9^th to 14^th of September 2018 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic We would like to gather all researchers around the globe with a focus on cholinesterases, paraoxonases and also phosphotriesterases and I feel privileged to follow up the meeting in Elche in 2015 and further extend the great tradition of cholinesterase meetings dated since 1975. Dear friends, please accept my cordial invitation to our meeting in the heart of Europe, namely to the historic city of Hradec Králové, which is located about 1 hour drive from Prague. The meeting will be organised in a classic format and I’m sure that our community of researchers along with a placid venue will create a familiar environment, so typical for preceding meetings. The meeting will be organised by the University of Hradec Králové under the patronage of The Minister of Health, The President of Hradec Kralove region and the Mayor of the City of Hradec Králové. I would like to promise that I and the organising team will do our best to host a top quality meeting and make your stay comfortable as much as possible. I am looking forward to meeting you in our beautiful historic city of Hradec Králové!   Yours sincerely, Kamil Kuča Chair of the Organising Committee and Rector of the University of  Hradec Králové

Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) leads to Coronavirus disease 2019, is recognized as a lethal epidemic in 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, non-segmented, positive sense RNA virus that belongs to the beta-corona family of viruses. The genome of this virus is about 30 kb representing 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1-16), four structural proteins (N, M, E, S) and nine accessory proteins are encoded by its genome, which are involved in survival and pathogenesis the viruses. In order to produce medicines and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, it is essential to fully understand the genomic structure of the virus and function of its proteins. This review collects and investigates the functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 proteins that have been reported to date.

Smart hydrogels are special type of hydrogels that undergo solution-gelation transition in response to alterations in the environment. Solution-gel transformation is brought about through either physical or chemical cross-linking that occur between the hydrogel chains. Various stimulating factors have been identified to be responsible for the change in the physical state of the intelligent hydrogel. The most important triggering factors are the temperature, pH, ions, electrical signalling, magnetic field, glucose, light and others. Each of these stimulating factors can trigger the swelling of the hydrogel through unique mechanism. Many of these triggering factors are characteristics of the biological systems which make the smart polymers quite beneficial for different biomedical applications. Numerous natural and synthetic polymers have been distinguished to act as smart materials. These polymers impressed the scientists to use them in many biomedical and industrial applications such as drug delivery systems, gene therapy applications, tissue engineering and many other applications.

At the same time as the world was shaken by the Covid-19 pandemic, another pandemic emerged, the “infodemic”. This article explores how the infodemic, through misinformation and disinformation, fueled the stigmatization of social groups during the pandemic and the consequences that followed. Stigmatization of individuals and groups in relation to infectious diseases has led to social exclusion, discrimination, and hate speech. This article highlights the history of stigmatization in connection to previous infectious disease outbreaks and calls attention to the role of the media and political leaders in fueling stigma. Consequences of stigmatization in relation to the infodemic have led to people not seeking timely medical care, an increase in mental health problems for the affected individuals, and a decrease in the well-being of healthcare workers. This article concludes by emphasizing the importance of accurate and clear information from the scientific community and public leaders to prevent exaggerating an already dangerous situation.

Nasal immunisation represents an innovative and perspective route of vaccine administration that provides many benefits compared to the more traditional approaches. Since most infections start on mucosal membranes, the mucosal immunisation provides a rational reason for its application. Mucosal delivery for vaccine administration (for example oral or nasal routes) could stimulate both systemic and mucosal immune responses. However, there are still some limitations that should be solved for a broader utilisation of this approach. There is still the necessity to use strongly immunogenic antigens or appropriate adjuvants for the induction of a strong immune response. The use of nanoparticles in the vaccine development could represent a promising approach for the mucosal vaccine research. Nanoparticles could thus serve as delivery vehicles providing to vaccines their unique properties, such as the antigen stabilisation and protection, serve as an adjuvant and elicit an antigen-specific immune response on the target sites.

The elimination of most drugs based on liver/renal excretion; making liver and kidneys the commonest target organ for exposure to toxic materials. Long-term use of drugs surpassed the effect and aggravate the toxicity. Tuberculosis (TB) is chronic disease with long-term therapy and the deleterious impact of antitubelculosis is certain. Various pharmacokinetic manoveuors were proposed to avoid the potential harmful effect of TB therapy. The present study aimed at mitigating the destructive effects of TB therapy using propolis. To do so, rats were exposed to isoniazid or rifampicin or a combination of them in groups of 8 rats each for a period of 8-weeks these groups were matched with similar group with a propolis ad-on therapy. These results were compared to propolis-free negative control group and positive propolis-treated group. The histological and laboratory findings confirmed that isoniazid or rifampicin or a combination of them jeopardized hepatorenal function and induced deleterious damage. However, isoniazid has shown more intensive deleterious effect compared to rifampicin. Nonetheless, propolis restore the quasi-equilibrium status for kidney and liver via restoring its normal architecture and functionality. To sum up, the potential defect of anti-TB was restored via using propolis as add-on therapy, we do advise using propolis as an adjuvant TB therapy in critically–ill and clinical cases required long-term TB therapy.

The existence of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons poses a significant problem in terms of possible proliferation of technologies and materials, despite international agreements and regulations. The role of military forces in operations can be to support counter-proliferation initiatives to prevent their acquisition, deployment, or employment. The article analyzes the current situation in the field of site exploitation under CBRN environments, with a specific focus on biological threats. It describes a current state and a research question, which is addressed on the basis of scenario analysis methodology. The result is a scenario for the activities of troops in CBRN environments, which illustrates the possible operational reality during the localization of biological sites, their characterization and exploitation. The following application part presents proposals for the division of phases of the exploitation process and a proposal for the determination of CBRN and medical specialists of the Czech Armed Forces as the implementation elements.

Background: The knee is the predominant weight-bearing joint affected by osteoarthritis, and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the 11^th significant cause of disability. As life expectancy has increased, the need for knee replacement procedures has grown, putting a major financial burden on patients and healthcare systems. Intra-articular (IA) injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) promises to be a potential method in research for the more preservative and biological strategies to treat this chronic degenerative condition. PRP has expected to contain a high number of growth factors and proteins involved in tissue repair mechanisms.Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of intra-articular injections (IAIs) pure-PRP and their dosage regimen efficacy in patients with mild and moderate knee OA.Material and method: This study included 33 patients (11 male and 22 female). The patient groups included 16 with mild and 17 with moderate knee osteoarthritis. With ages ranged from 32 to 66 years old. These patients were divided into three groups based on dosage (12 received a single injection, 11 received a double injection, and 10 received a triple injection), with a two-week interval between injections. The outcome was measured using WOMAC index for pain, stiffness, and daily functional limitation, as well as laboratory testing for TNF-alpha using the Eliza technique. All the patients were assessed at baseline and after three months of injection. The study was designed as non-randomized controlled trial study during November 2021 to May 2022 at Al-imam Ali hospital, Babylon governorate, Iraq.Results: Regarding severity, In both mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis, serum TNF-alpha was significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.001). All WOMAC scores were showed significantly lower levels after treatment with pure-PRP as compared with their levels before treatment (p ≤ 0.001, Regarding the number of injections, all patients who received a single injection, double injections, and triple injections showed a significant decrease in the serum TNF-alpha and WOMAC scores (p 0.05) in both mild and moderate patients. The triple injections were more effective than double and single injections.Conclusions: In conclusion, the treatment with pure-PRP was safe and satisfactory for patients in terms of relieving clinical symptoms. The WOMAC scores has indicated that  improvement in pain relief for patients after injection and could act as an anti-inflammatory, as inflammatory marker TNF-alpha was reduced after injection, and there was a superior outcome to increasing dose numbers, as triple injection gave a positive outcome in both mild and moderate KOA when compared to single and double injection.

Introduction: “Corona virus-induced disease (COVID-19)” is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). In addition to respiratory symptoms, the infected people also experience urological symptoms such as renal impairment and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which include frequency, urgency, loin pain, pyuria, and hematuria. Infertility and urolithiasis have also been detected in some patients.Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the coronavirus on the urinary system and its consequences on the affected patients.Methods: A prospective case series study was conducted in Mosul City, Iraq. One hundred COVID-19 patients, after a positive PCR result, confirmed their infection with the coronavirus, were evaluated clinically and sent for urine analysis and a renal function test.Results: Among the 100 patients studied, more males (56%) than females (44%) were affected by COVID-19. Patients in the 51–60 age range have the highest incidence of urinary symptoms, with loin pain being the most common symptom (52%) and frequency coming in second (51%). Regarding urine analysis, pus cells, RBCs, and protein were observed in 48, 24, and 24%, respectively. Renal function tests were abnormal in 55% of infected patients.Conclusion: The impact of the coronavirus on the urinary system differs from one patient to another. Patients who are elderly are severely affected, and urinary manifestations appear to be more prominent in this age group. Moreover, acute kidney injury may happen in some individuals, particularly those who are hospitalized, and the lower urinary tract infection may be accompanied by fever, dehydration, or a prolonged homestay.

Background: Remdesivir has recently been used more widely as an antiviral medication, possibly due to its potency against coronavirus.Aim: This study was aimed at detecting the toxicity of remdesivir on the liver and kidneys of albino rats at various doses, as well as the possibility of recovering to the normal structure of these tissues two weeks after drug discontinuation.Methods: Forty adult albino rats were divided into five groups (8 rats per group). The first group was the control group; the second group received 5 mg/kg remdesivir; the third group received 10 mg/kg for five days; and the fourth and fifth groups were withdrawal groups (treated as 2^nd and 3^rd groups then left for two weeks). After five days of treatment, the animals of the 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd groups were sacrificed, while the animals of the withdrawal groups were killed after two weeks of drug discontinuation. Both the liver and kidneys were removed and prepared for histological examination.Results: Remdesivir-treated liver and kidneys showed histological alterations such as blood vessel congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, and localized hepatocyte degeneration. Meanwhile, kidney sections revealed localized vacuolation of the tubular epithelium, focal glomerular tuft shrinkage with Bowman's space dilatation.Conclusion: Remdesivir is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic mainly, at high doses. Even after drug withdrawal, structural alterations persist, particularly at high dosages, confirming that remdesivir toxicity is dose-dependent.

Background and Aim: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative chronic disease that affects the joints, it is strongly associated with age and affects the quality of life and fatigue in addition to its associated pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. This study aimed to evaluate the daily fatigue score among patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among patients with osteoarthritis who were invited from three Rheumatology clinics. The fatigue scale (FACIT version) was used in addition to biochemical data collected from patients’ records.Result: A total of 370 patients were included in the final data analysis and a negative significant relationship between fatigue score with age, BMI, duration of the disease, and ESR (P<.0.05) were found. Significant differences in the fatigue scores were also found between groups of gender, glucosamine previous use, and former steroid injection.Conclusion: The severity of fatigue among osteoarthritis patients was higher in females than males. The medication used either analgesics or supplements for the patients with OA was not significant to improve the severity of fatigue. The severity of fatigue was more common in groups of patients that had one co-morbid than the patients who had more than one co-morbid.

Introduction: The high Body Mass Index and high body fat percentage are mentioned as factors influencing the severity of the course of COVID-19 disease. Our aim was to examine, in relation to their symptoms, the measured and estimated parameters of those included in the lifestyle program established by the armed forces suffering from mild to moderate COVID-19 disease.Sample and Methods: The average age of the examined sample (n=18) was 45.2 years. The average body weight for women was (n=8) 78.5 kg, for men 106.2 kg, the average body fat percentage for women was 40.6% and for men 30.6%. The instruments used for the examination were a BIA 500 (800/µA, 50 kHz), an Omron BF 511 body composition monitor, an ECG Cardioscan monitor, and a DYNA-19 hand grip dynamometer. We applied a two-sample T-test in the examination. Differences with p < 0.05 were considered statistically. Statistical calculations were performed in R environment with R-Studio program.Results: The higher phase angle was characteristic at lower (p=0.04) and shorter (p=0.05) body temperatures. Higher body fat percentages were observed in the case of prolonged coughing (p=0.04). Lower cardiac function values were associated with higher fever (p=0.05) and difficulty in breathing (p=0.02), while higher cardiac stress percentage was associated with the appearance of chest pain (p=0.02) and higher fever (p=0.04).Conclusion: It was not the location of adipose tissue but the magnitude of its amount that was related to the symptoms of mild to moderate COVID-19 in our sample, in contrast to several international observations.

The aim of the current pilot study is to depict the pattern of management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the efficacy of risperidone in reducing the target symptoms of ASD compared to only behavioral therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two main centers for 10 months. On a convenience basis, prospective visits were scheduled for children, who had received regular behavioral therapy and/or antipsychotics¬ (mainly risperidone), and their parents to assess the efficacy and side-effects of the treatment. The improvement of symptoms of ASD was assessed using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Version (ABC-CV) including five subdomains: Irritability, Lethargy, Stereotypic behavior, Hyperactivity, and Inappropriate speech. Twenty-nine children (26 boys and 3 girls) with a mean age of 8.96 years (range: 5–15 years) were included in this study. The distribution of management strategy was: risperidone (11, 37.9%), behavioral therapy only (9, 31.0%), risperidone and behavioral therapy (9, 31.0%). The use of a combination of antipsychotics and psychostimulants (17.24%) was less common than in a previous American study (38%). Surprisingly, scores for all ABC subdomains were higher than those of previous studies, indicating less efficacy of risperidone in this group. Additionally, for the Lethargy subdomain, the score was 74.3±24.3. Interestingly, children who received behavioral therapy only, had lower scores compared to their counterparts who received risperidone only in all ABC subdomains and the total score. Consistent with other reports, this study highlighted the efficacy of risperidone alongside behavioral therapy on reducing hyperactivity symptoms and total ABC score. Despite the published data regarding the efficacy and safety of risperidone, supporting that it may have an important role in the management of ASD in children, further prospective design studies in Saudi Arabia are warranted to confirm the findings or encourage its continuous employment as long-term maintenance therapy.

Background: Gingiva is a delicate tissue that protects alveolar bone against external stimuli. Gingival breaks expose alveolar bone, and the fast wounds heal the betterment of the teeth frame. We aimed to compare the influence of omega-3 on the gingival healing period after trauma and the potential involvement of cytokeratin-19 protein expression.Methods: A total of 18 rabbits were used, after trauma-induced, these rabbits were subdivided into three groups of 6 each. Group 1 is the control group that received normal saline only, the second group received omega 3 for 10 days before the trauma, while the third group received omega 3 supplements for 10 days before the gingival injury and continued receiving them for an additional 10 days afterwards. For each time point (third and seventh day of healing), 3 rabbits were sacrificed, and tissue was collected for total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde measurement. Tissue fixed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis.Results: Omega 3 has shown improvement in the healing process regarding the period of healing, antioxidant parameters, and intensity of cytokeratin-19 expression compared to the control group. Moreover, rabbit groups exposed to omega 3 before trauma has shown better healing response compared to those initiated therapy with trauma.Conclusion: Omega 3 is notably beneficial when used for both prevention and treatment since it reduces oxidative stress and improves healing processes measured by increased expression of cytokeratin-19 in epithelial tissue. Omega 3 can therefore be thought of as a possible choice for the treatment of gingival wounds and gingivitis.

Organizational socialization within the military and police personnel extends beyond internalizing institutional values. ....

How much more can the military raise its physical standards bar during training? ....

Psychology is a tool for self-knowledge, which helps to know oneself in one's own motivation, work style, strengths and weaknesses, and gives the ability to perceive other people in this way. ....

This conceptual study highlights the importance of aligning performance and well-being within the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). ....

This study aimed to investigate the concentration of pregabalin in the plasma of chicks to determine its pharmacokinetic parameters. Pregabalin (300 mg/kg) was administered orally to 42 clinically healthy Ross chicks as part of a randomized controlled study. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after drug administration from six chicks per each time. The concentrations of pregabalin in the plasma samples were determined using a quantitative HPLC assay, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the PKSolver program. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a noncom-partmental model. The concentrations of pregabalin were 133.80 ± 2.35, 183.20 ± 3.91, 295.60 ± 2.82, 248.40 ± 7.60, 219.00 ± 2.72 and 154.00 ± 5.50 μg/ml at the times 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h respectively. The pharmacokinetics parameters were t_1/2β 29 h, T_max 2 h, C_max 295 µg, K_el 0.023 h^-1, MRT 43h, V_d 1.127 L/h/kg, Cl 0.026 L/h/kg and AUC_0-∞ 11420.31 µg.h/ml. This study concluded that pregabalin has a long elimination half-life and poor clearance from the animal body, which is reflected in the prolonged impact of its action.

Many biological agents are epidemic or pandemic in nature (Ebola 2013, Spanish influenza 1918, Russian influenza 1989, SARS-CoV-2 2019). Recognising the onset of the spread of epidemics and pandemics remains a major challenge even in the 21^st century despite the technologies and scientific knowledge at our disposal, as is the successful management of such situations. The reason concerns the existence of biological diversity and the laws that govern it, which are very difficult to predict and which are virtually uncontrollable. It is gradually becoming apparent that the current spread of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 (9 million deaths since the beginning of the pandemic according to WHO) is characterised by very different characteristics (e.g. the exposure, transmission and spread of the viral infectious agent) in different populations and risk groups.Social services workers in the Czech Republic have been on the frontline for the duration of the pandemic and have been required to work in a high-risk infectious environment. This has led to the need for changes in their established working practices and approaches. Considerable creativity had to be employed particularly in the first year of the pandemic due to the scarcity of information on the new viral agent, the availability of which increased only slowly as the scientific community studied and analysed the various factors involved. Globally, the scientific community released its experimental data as soon as it became available; however, unfortunately, due to the nature of biomedical research, the release of the outputs failed to match the time requirements for their necessity in practice.Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the following text provides an analysis of the specific measures and the related difficulties, and the struggle to find solutions, that providers of selected types of social services faced during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.The survey results revealed that the issues in question had a common thread across the various types of social services, as well as a number of common features and challenges. The analysis of the results showed a noticeable shift between the initial period, which was characterised by the rapid onset of the spread of the pandemic, and the situation after 18 months of life under pandemic conditions, which was characterised by the lower incidence of problems and difficulties. One of the major outcomes of the study concerns the identification of the need for social service providers to be provided with a unified, clear and centrally managed process that is able to provide individualised methodological support. The results are based on a study conducted as part of "The Changes in Selected Social Services for People with Disabilities during the State of Emergency Instigated by a  Viral Disease" project.

Sildenafil citrate has low oral bioavailability, systemic adverse effects, and a relatively delayed action. These issues may be addressed through direct transdermal delivery to the penis. This study aims to investigate the microemulsion formulation of the drug for effective transdermal delivery. Sildenafil citrate was formulated as a microemulsion using clove oil, dimethyl sulphoxide, phosphate buffer (pH 7), propylene glycol, Tween^®80, and distilled water. Different proportions of these components were used to create six formulations of the microemulsion (F1–F6), which were then characterised by their physical appearance and clarity, pH, viscosity, conductivity, percent transmission, and droplet size. Furthermore, the stability, content analysis, in-vitro drug release, and transdermal permeation of sildenafil citrate from the generated drug-loaded microemulsions were studied. All prepared formulas contained nano-sized oil droplets (less than 20 nm), and the pH values were within the range of skin pH; however, two formulas were not transparent. Additionally, all formulations were thermodynamically stable, passing freeze-thaw, heating-cooling, and centrifugation tests. Next, the formulas demonstrated zero-order release kinetics, indicating that they can provide a sustained release profile for sildenafil citrate. Finally, the microemulsion formulation exhibited a 2.8-fold enhancement in skin permeation compared with that of the sildenafil citrate suspension. The prepared microemulsions demonstrated beneficial physical properties and skin permeation profiles that are promising for the local administration of sildenafil citrate.

Background and Objectives: Liver cirrhosis is a serious and chronic condition that affects the liver, causing irreversible damage and scarring. The present study is designed to find out a possible correlation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with cirrhosis by microRNA.Methods: The fold expression of the identified microRNAs by RT qPCR was determined to estimate the concentrations of circulating microRNAs in all samples. This study's main objective was to examine microRNA21-5p expression in liver cirrhosis patients. To extract RNA from samples of whole blood from all specimens in EDTA tubes, the study entailed collecting 60 specimens from the perspective of patients and samples pooled from 60 healthy participants (control group). Data on the patient are gathered for the study.Result: Researchers compared the levels of miRNA-146a in individuals with hepatic cirrhosis and control subjects, and the findings were clear. individuals with hepatic cirrhoses and controls, correspondingly, had mean levels of miRNA-146a of 2.38 3.25 and 1.12 1.01; this alteration was statistically noteworthy (P = 0.002). Both the miRNA-146a cut-off value and the prediction of liver cirrhosis disease should be considered diagnostic or adjuvant diagnostic tests. With sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) of 58.3%, 53.3%, 55.6%, 56.1%, and 0.610 (0.508 -0.711), the miRNA-146a cut-off value was > 0.91-fold. The current findings suggest that miRNA-146a is a subpar diagnostic marker.Conclusion: Compared to controls, patients with cirrhosis had significantly higher levels of micro-RNA146A. When compared to those who are healthy, this finding demonstrates that micro-RNA 146A may influence the prognosis of cirrhosis.

Background. Extracts from plant and/or animal tissues are frequently used in alternative medicine as drugs or food supplements. Such extracts may contain a complex of pharmacologically or physiologically active factors but frequently there exists no experimental confirmation as to precise mechanisms of action. This work aimed to verify if a long used bovine blood extract Imuregen registered as a food supplement has desirable effect on tumor cells.Methods. Two independent methodological approaches were used. Viability of cell cultures was evaluated using WST-1-based cell cytotoxicity assay. Cell growth was monitored in real time using xCELLigence cell analysis. Normal human adherent lung fibroblasts (NHLF) were used to represent non-tumor lung cells. A human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line H1299 was used as a model of tumor cells.Results. Our study demonstrated a direct influence on viability of the H1299 tumor cell line (p < 0.005) and a cytostatic/cytotoxic effect of the bovine blood extract after 72h. of cultivation while leavingnon-tumor NHLF cell line unaffected. The extract (0.1 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml, resp.) also significantly affected the viability of irradiated H1299 tumor cell line (p < 0.005, Co, 4Gy) compared to non-tumor irradiated counterparts. In addition to the cytotoxic effect, the extract slightly modified the generation time of the cells and substantial differences between the effects on tumor and non-tumor cell lines were observed.Conclusion. The data presented here might suggest the extract intervenes into the proliferative cell cycle and subsequently influences the generation time of cells. Further analyses should be oriented toward the effects of animal tissue extracts on cellular systems defending against tumors and/or infections and intercellular communications that lead to influencing the fate of individual cell types.

The telemedicine shows rapid development in the past decades of 20th century. It’s principally based on the transmission of sound, pictures and other kind of data using wireless technology. The establishing of the telemedicine in the obezitology begins at die end of 20th century. That time shows the technique a rapidly development, but even more, there were first menus made and shared trough the PCs. All the mend facts are connected due to rapidly increased amount of the people with obesity. In the Czech Republic, approximately 60 % of the adult population suffer obesity or overweight.  The telemedicine would applied specially for the cases as collecting a data about energetically receive, monitoring of physical activity, glycaemia records and the communication between the therapist and the patient. The telemedicine should change the motivation and the adherence of the obesity patients during the treatment in upcoming future. The results of the patients are better than in the group without telemedicine support. The telemedicine, using and analysing dates, it’s the method that could rapidly decrease a costs of the diagnostic and the treatment.

In this presentation, the first comprehensive toxicity study of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, ZrO₂, TiO₂ and WO₃ nanofibers effects in cultured epithelial A549 cells will be presented. The nanofibers were produced by centrifugal spinning from suitable spinning solutions and have an average diameter in the sub-micrometer range. At first, we characterized the nanofibers for their morphological, compositional and structural properties. Then, we estimated the biological effects of nanofibers in pulmonary epithelial A549 cells comparing them with biological effects of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, ZrO₂, TiO₂ and WO₃ nanoparticles. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used as a positive control. The cells were treated with 1, 10 and 100 µg.mL-1 concentrations of a nanomaterial for 24 and 48 h. The dehydrogenase activity and glutathione levels were determined in cells as markers of cell injury. Experimental details and results of these investigations will be presented and discussed (1).

The broad use of nanomaterials in material science, medicine or industry has implied the request to evaluate their biological effects. In vitro cellular models provide a suitable approach to study those effects, but it can be difficult to ensure valid and repeatable experimental conditions for proper setting of biological testing. Indeed, a number of physicochemical parameters (e.g. type of dispersion, aggregation, colloid stability, agglomeration) can influence the obtained results. Thus, the topical goal of our study was to provide a complete view on testing of commonly used nanomaterial, i.e. titanium dioxide nanoparticles, in cultured cells.
We used several advanced methods to characterize the nanomaterials (SEM, XRD, Raman) and to determine their behavior at experimental conditions. Thus, we focused on determining optimal conditions of dispersion (DLS, AFM). To evaluate the biological effects in cultured cells, we used routine biochemical assays (dehydrogenase activity, glutathione levels) and microscopy. We found that the experimental parameters were capable to influence obtained results on cellular effects significantly. In contrast, we were allowed to obtain repeatable and valid results when optimal experimental conditions were guaranteed. Our study provided information on limitations and challenges in testing of nanotoxicity in vitro, especially in nanoparticles.

While everyone has differences in priorities, one aspect which people usually put onto top positions is our health. As the most numerous group among medical professionals, nurses are usually among the first in which people seeking medical help come into contact with. As such, they are an essential asset, though their contributions are often not valued enough. With the world becoming more and more connected, national health issues such as climate change, maternal health or human trafficking, or transmissible diseases are taking on a global scale, with the COVID-19 pandemic highlighting such developments. To provide healthcare for the people affected, nurses need to have the best conditions possible, which requires the challenges in the nursing field to be addressed as soon as possible. These challenges include nursing shortages, inequalities or education which is not able to keep up with globalizing. The possible policy solutions include raising salaries or providing social securities, which could address nursing shortages, and implementing global health concepts in nursing curricula, connected to more possibilities for nursing students to experience healthcare in other countries. Such solutions, coupled with boosting the status of the nursing profession and giving nurses bigger voice in policymaking can result in bigger numbers of well-educated nursing professionals, which will strongly improve overall global health prospects.