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Infectious diseases traverse the usual boundaries established by medical specialists. All organ systems may be involved, and all physicians caring for patients may have to deal with infected patients.
Infectious diseases remain leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world primarily because known measures of control and therapy are not applied. In technically advanced countries, the pestilences of antiquity no longer occur. Yet, even in these areas infectious diseases remain important contributors to illness and death....

In spite of sporadic occurrence of Invasive Meningococcal Diseases (IMD), epidemics with high death rates and Seque/ae are nothing exceptional. N. Meningitidis B was replaced by a new clone of N. meningitidis C: 2a: P1.2 (P1.5). Recruits of military troops deployed in the O/omouc district have occurred among the first afflicted. The clinical outlook resulted even in few deaths. Mass immunization of all the recruits demonstrated increasing immunization coverage reaching up to 98 % in 1998. Vaccine against A+C (Pasteur Merieux) has been used. The mass immunization of all the recruits was followed by a substantial decrease of IMD incidence, which has a/most disappeared Since that time.....

We monitored the number of neutrophil granulocytes and the thickness of alveolar Septa in (057Bl/6xDBA/2)F1 mice 168 days after γ- irradiation in the area of the Iungs with a dose of 16 Gy (LD₅) and 180 days after irradiation with a dose of 18 Gy (LD₅₀). The laboratory animals were administered Pentoxifyline (3,5 and 35 mg/kg), Dexamethasone (1 and 10 mg/kg) and a combination of Pentoxifyline (35 mg/kg) and Dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) twice a week. In the animals examined 168 days after irradiation with a dose of 16 Gy, a significant decrease in the number of neutrophil granulocytes and a decrease in the thickness of alveolar septa were found in all the treated animals. The largest effect was seen in a combination of PTX and DXM. In the individuals examined 180 days after irradiation with a dose of 18 Gy, a similar trend was found. The largest effect was seen in DXM (10 mg/kg) and in a combination of DXM and PTX....

Four new 4-substituted pyridinium-2-aldoxime methoiodides were prepared and their physico-chemical properties were estimated, including their pKa values. Compounds were tested as reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by isopropyl-methylphosphonofluoridate in vitro. Their acute toxicities were estimated in mice after i.m. administration. Results show that these compounds are less toxic than 2—pyridinium-aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) alone, but only one compound was better reactivator than 2-PAM.

9. - 11. October 1997, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

Lebanon, 3 small country situated on the east side of the Mediterranean Sea, for many years has been engaged in the military conflict with its southern neighbour - Israel. The country is divided into the northern and southern parts, the former being occupied by the Syrian Army, while the latter is under control of the lsrael-supervised Army of the South Lebanon. A narrow, dozen or so kilometre-wide land stretched between the South and East Lebanon forms the safety zone which has been controlled for many years by the so called UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)....

The presentation describes the hygiene and epidemiological control in the Czech Army. This control is implemented by two organizational systems. The first of them is based on the garrison medical stations and the Central Military Medical Institute, which are the institutions built according to the military organizational tables. The second system consists of some military hygiene service officials (Chief Hygienists, Director of the CMMI, the heads of the CMMI branches), who execute their authorities derived from the Public Health Protection Act. Some details about hierarchy and main tasks of both systems are provided.

Communicable diseases are again becoming of major importance, exemplified by the rise in tuberculosis, AIDS and Diphtheria. The growing significance of the epidemiology of communicable diseases is recognised in Germany and in the Armed Forces. The German Armed Forces have become more involved in international activities like Partnership For Peace and UN-peacekeeping missions.....

Hygienic and epidemic care in the Slovak Republic Army (ASR) is an inseparable part of health care. Its aim to protect and build up health of the ASR soldiers. The main tasks to reach that goal is formation and protection of healthy living and working conditions, including prevention of the onset and spread of communicable diseases. Activities and job description of the military hygienic-epidemic service issue from the Act Nr. 272/1994 of the National Council of the Slovak Republic, of the Statue Book, concerning health care and the related civilian legislation. Aim of the work of the military hygienic-epidemic service is to monitor occurrence of mass negative phenomena of infectious and non-infectious character in the health status of the army population, their analysis, identification of causes, and an effort of their positive interference to contribute to intensify readiness for action and combat readiness of the troops....

This study monitors the presence of hyaline membranes in (C57BI/6xDBA/2)F1 mice irradiated locally with gamma radiation of ⁶⁰Co in the area of the thorax with absorbed doses of 14, 16 and 18 Gy and in a time interval of 18, 24, 30 and 36 weeks after the irradiation of the histologically examined mice. Hyaline membranes were not noted in mice irradiated with the lowest dose of 14 Gy of gamma radiation nor in all the animals examined 18 weeks after the irradiation. We can see from the results that hyaline membranes are observed in the lungs only after higher doses of radiation and in time intervals of 24, 30 and 36 weeks after the irradiation as the other signs of RP.

This study monitors the presence of neutrophil granulocytes in the lungs in (C57BI/6xDBA/2)F1 mice irradiated locally in the area of the thorax with absorbed doses of 14, 16 and 18 Gy of gamma radiation in a time interval of 18, 24, 30 and 36 weeks after irradiation Of histologically examined animals. During the histologic examination, an increased amount of neutrophil granulocytes was noted 24 weeks after the irradiation when the extent of inflammatory infiltration of irradiated lungs reached maximum values. In other time intervals, a decreasing trend in the average number of neutrophil granulocytes in the viewing field was found. The values of the number of neutrophils in pulmonary tissue were dependent on the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation in time intervals of 30 and 36 weeks after the irradiation.

Behavioral tests were employed in the study of central effects of the selected neurotoxins mescaline, FAZ-4 and DSP-4 at stereotactical administration into three cerebral structures (ventriculus cerebri Iateralis, ncl. basalis Meynerti and nc. septi medialis).
The results have confirmed the assumed negative action with cholinergic and monoaminergic dysfunctions, manifested by a disorder in the recall from animal memory immediately after their administration and with latency of several weeks. Different effects of individual neurotoxins on animal behaviour were observed also in dependence on the structure of administration.

The tonsils are lymphoepithelial tissues located in strategic areas of the oral pharynx. They are one of the organs known as mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (7). These immunocompetent tissues represent the first line of defence against ingested or inhaled foreign proteins, such as bacteria, viruses, or food antigens 1,2,7). They are continually directly bombarded by antigens, unlike the majority of lymph nodes, which receive antigens via the blood stream (2).....